Car seat structures typically consist of plastic parts, metal parts, and fabric. The core structure includes a unibody injection-molded shell and an internal automotive-grade steel frame to enhance overall strength. Cushioning materials use EPP (polypropylene foam), EPPS, or Cobra memory foam to absorb and disperse impact forces. Some high-end products also utilize aerospace-grade honeycomb aluminum energy-absorbing technology. Fabric selection emphasizes skin-friendliness, breathability, and antibacterial properties, such as using baby-grade Tencel or bamboo fiber flame-retardant fabric.
Based on the child's age, weight, and height, car seats are mainly divided into infant, toddler, and school-age types. Infant seats are suitable for infants approximately 0-15 months old and weighing 0-13 kg, and must be rear-facing. Toddler seats are suitable for toddlers approximately 9 months to 4 years old and weighing 9-18 kg, and can be front-facing. School-age seats are suitable for children approximately 3-12 years old, weighing 15-36 kg, and typically under 145 cm tall, requiring a booster seat in conjunction with the vehicle's seatbelt. The EU ECE R129 (i-Size) standard primarily groups car seats by height. In addition, there are modular car seats, where the seat and base are detachable and can be combined with other travel products (such as infant carriers and strollers).
There are three main types of car seat fastening methods: seatbelt fastening, ISOFIX interface (European standard, two-point rigid connection), and LATCH interface (US standard, three-point fixation, including a top tether). The safest installation position is the rear seat of the car, especially directly behind the driver. Rear-facing child car seats must never be installed in the front passenger seat where the airbag is activated. After installation, check for stability; the amount of movement should not exceed 2.5 cm (1 inch). Some products are equipped with ISOFIX interface status indicators, support legs, etc., to enhance stability and anti-rollover performance.
Modern car seats integrate a number of features that enhance convenience and comfort, including 360-degree rotation for easy placement of children, multiple adjustable positions (headrest height, backrest tilt angle), and intelligent alert systems (monitoring ISOFIX interface engagement, support leg status, buckle tightness, etc.) [16]. Some products also feature ventilation or heating systems, ergonomic back support design, enlarged and widened cabins, and full-coverage sunshades.